Running Head British Airways †A Marketing Plan Free Essays

British Airways is one airline that has gone through both bright and turbulent times since its founding in 1974.[i]   After thirteen years of government control, British Airways went into privatization in 1987.[ii]   The airline is the surviving entity after merger and consolidations made with British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) and British European Airways Corporation (BEA). We will write a custom essay sample on Running Head: British Airways – A Marketing Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Currently it operates about 240 aircrafts servicing 120 destinations throughout the United Kingdom and Europe, Africa, North and South America, the Middle East, Asia and the Pacific.[iii]. British Airways competes with about 42 other British airlines but has maintained leadership in most areas of the aviation industry not only in the United Kingdom but in Europe as well.[iv] Its main competitor is Virgin Atlantic, an airline established by Richard Branson in 1984 and with about 10 per cent market share in terms of kilometers logged as of 2007.[v] As airlines around the world struggle to survive in the midst of the worldwide financial crisis, British Airways vows to target growth and raise its market share while intently addressing its operational concerns towards excellence and financial health. The surging complexity of the market ahead is expected to put the airline industry on the offensive to obviate possible downturns as what happened to the automobile and the investment banking industries during the last quarter of 2008 leading to the global financial turmoil. Reports had it that requests for government bailouts were made in the face of lower demand from car buyers. The airline industry thus, is among those expected and likely to be affected by the crisis due to the expected economic contraction in the aftermath of the financial meltdown. Importance of the Study The study is an attempt at providing a trajectory, focus as well as strategic road map on how British Airways should repackage itself towards upgrading and raising its potentials in a cutthroat aviation industry not merely in the United Kingdom but in the airline’s other service areas around the globe, Europe especially. For a start, British Airways dutifully crafted the BA Business Plan (BP11) which is aimed at focusing on four key priorities arising out of the previous year’s plans. These are:   (1) Upgraded customer experience with its trademark Basics and Brilliance, Club World, First Cabin and similar programs meant to introduce innovative customer come-ons with its plan to acquire long-haul aircrafts as well as counter the negative impact of the operating glitches during the transitions experience at Heathrow Terminals 1, 4 and 5. Incidentally, this was planned to introduce new forms of premium customer experience through increased presence in the European and American markets; (2) Planning for growth in terms of new long haul aircrafts, premium services and added destinations between Europe and the Americas; (3) Continuing need to control costs in the face of tight competition, rising cost of delivering service, fuel and administrative costs. The entity additionally attempts at undertaking a more efficient assets and liability management to reasonably assure itself the advantage of liquidity and solvency under the current economic environment; and, (4) Taking a lead in corporate social responsibility to articulate a social and corporate balance in the conduct of its operations.[vi] A critical component of BP11 is the marketing plan (MP11) which identifies and concentrates on the opportunities available to British Airways worldwide in congruence with its identified key priorities. The marketing plan clearly outlines a road map towards market recovery via excellence in the basics, and ultimately to the deployment of brilliant premium services not available anywhere or in other airlines competing in identical routes. Specifically, the Marketing Plan MP11 cross links with the Business Plan (BP11) with the former as the centrepiece of the airline’s assertive leadership thrusts towards the first half of the 21st century. Just like the Victoria era slogan that the â€Å"sun does not set on the British empire†, British Airways is determined to head for industry prominence after several turbulent encounters with difficult challenges that it had to go through. Apparently brought about by its own weight, its bigness is without the support mechanism it needed to stabilize its moves.   A component of the BP11, the MP11 describes in more detailed fashion how the BP11 will breathe through the heart of the MP11 which is considered the heart of the Business Plan. On the aspect of significance on research, the MP11 serves as the management blue print for strategic decision-making; especially in the area of marketing management under various assumptions, scenarios, alliances and configurations. Strategic marketing management which is contained in this road map MP 11 will enable management to adopt strategies such as cost leadership, attractive premium services, human resource strategies and expanded terminal network in the industry as means to create a demand gap in the long haul travel sector as well as a similar gap in the premium business travel from continental Europe to the premier city of New York in the United States. The experiences of the past years are expected to provide hard lessons for British Airways management towards strategic marketing processes. For the business traveller all over, the MP11 attempts to redefine the concept of basic and premium travel. With the integration of cost advantage expected to ensue along the airline’s objective of operational excellence, airline travellers can reasonably expect these cost rationalization measures to have a positive effect on the pricing competitiveness of British Airways while maintaining the class with which British Airways has been known for. The airline industry, for one, is likewise expected to significantly benefit from this study specifically in the area of collaboration, alliances and economic cooperation without any attempt at abusing the regulatory privilege this union may provide such alliances. Hence, partnerships should be undertaken for the development and maintenance of constructive relationship with other companies in the industry as at work.[vii] In the same way that this will be tempered and enhanced by a strong corporate social responsibility not only in terms of the environmental aspect, it is expected similarly to be strong along the social issues directly and indirectly affected by the industry. The society, in general, and the employees in particular will reap benefits from this study in terms and along the key balanced scorecard perspectives over secure employment tenure, human resource training and performance recognition dimensions incorporated into the business and marketing plans; all considered critical components and means to stabilize the goal of operational excellence with a genuine corporate social responsibility. Primarily, the shareholders are the targets of this study as among the major beneficiaries through which an innovative and unprecedented pricing incorporates real shareholder value and corporate pride enhanced with financial viability through operational excellence.   British Airways aims to show gratitude for continued support and recognition as Britain’s primary carrier. The academe is similarly expected to acquiesce the benefits from this Plan which comes as a result of intensive research and careful study on the travel and industry markets in which British Airways is among the major players. Of equal importance is the fact that British Airways is a corporate organization that is considered an excellent source of academic studies in an industry characterized with great risks, complexities as well as opportunities with huge potentials for learning, and even further researches. [i]   Annual Report, 2007, British Airways, http://www.britishairways.com, accessed December 28, 2008 [ii]   Ibid. http://www.britishairways.com,   [iii]   Ibid, http://www.britishairways.com,   [iv]   Ibid., http://www.britishairways.com,   [v]   Ibid., http://www.britishairways.com,   [vi]   Ibid,   http://www.britishairways.com,p. 34   [vii]   J. Hicks, The Challenge of the New Millenium: winning the Struggle with Ourselves, New Falcon Publications, Arizona, 1997, p. 131.    How to cite Running Head: British Airways – A Marketing Plan, Essays

Medications Excerting Aspect of Drug

Question: Describe about the Medications for Excerting Aspect of Drug. Answer: Definition Pharmacokinetics- It is referred to as the study of the time- course of absorbing, distributing, metabolizing and excreting aspect of a drug (ASHP- chapter 1). The clinical pharmacokinetics involves applying the principles of pharmacokinetics to administer the drugs safely and effectively for a patient. Pharmacodynamics- Itinvolves the study of thebio-chemicalandphysiologicaleffect ofa drug. It refers to the interrelationship between the concentration of drug at the required site of action and the outcome effect that includes the time- course, intensity (therapeutic and adverse effects) of a drug (ASHP- chapter 1, American Psychiatric Publishing, Chapter 8). Generally pharmacokinetics is what human body does to a drug whereas pharmaco dynamics involves what a drug does to human body (Association of prescribers, 2016). Pharmacotherapeutics- It involves the study of the beneficial (therapeutic) and desired effects of drugs (Nursing pharmacology chronicle, 2011). Toxicology- It is the study of the side (adverse) effects of a drug in a human body due to the chemicals. It includes observing the adverse effects and reporting the effects, identifying the mechanisms, detecting and treating the toxic substances (Smith, 2016). Case study- 2 A is on Digoxin with dosage of 250mcg/day which means that she is in high-dose digoxin therapy. Digoxin is taken as safe to use in the old age people as long as the dose is no greater than 0.125 milligram or 125 mcg per day (Wiley, 2015). She is 71 year old woman with 250mcg/day of dosage ahs increased her adverse effects. The kidney functions of elderly people slows down as their age increase which may lead to decreased excretion of certain drugs as digoxin leading to stagnation of drugs (Wiley, 2015). This has resulted in digoxin overdose in Mrs.A expressing the adverse effects as unusual behavior, confusion, easily fatigability, irritability, obsessive and compulsive behavior with yellowish green moldy appearance (Wiley, 2015, Micromedex, 2016). Mrs. A is both on digoxin and furosemide (loop diuretics) which may cause hypokalemia that may increase toxicity in older persons (Lewis, 2004, Davis, 2016). The patient should be instructed to discontinue digoxin and electrolyte disturban ces, thyroid dysfunction should be corrected and digoxin antidote (digoxin immune Fab- Digibind), should be given which binds with digitalis- glycoside molecule and is excreted from renal tubules (Davis, 2016). Increasing age causes changes in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of drugs. The pharmacokinetic changes involves reduced kidney and liver clearance and an increased distribution of lipid- soluble drugs (hence prolonging the half-life of elimination) whereas pharmacodynamic changes involves alterations (commonly increased) in sensitivity to many drug classes such as anti-coagulants, cardio-vascular and psycho-tropic drugs (Mangoni, 2004). In elderly, the timing of absorption rate may be delayed, peak concentration may be lowered and delay in timing of peak concentration and the absorption of overall amount of drug (bioavailability) remain changed. Further, the metabolic clearance of medications by the liver might be reduced because of reduced liver blood- flow, reduced size and mass of liver. Even ageing decreases size of kidney, its blood flow, functional nephrons, tubular secretion and ultimately decreasing glomerular filtration rate. Due to ageing, drug clearance of cert ain drugs as atenolol, digoxin, etc may be decreased. Overall, the age induced changes in pharmacodynamics include increased sensitivity to sedative drugs, increased psycho-motor impairment with certain drugs, increased timing of pain relief, increased drowsiness, decreased heart rate to beta- blockers, increased cardiac sensitivity to digoxin (Farho, 2016). Case study- Mr. B WHO defines the adverse- drug reaction (ADR) as the noxious, un-intentional and un-desirable effect of a medication/ drug that happens at doses, which are used in case of prophylactic treatment, diagnostic procedures and collaborative therapies for the human. ADR is also stated as an identifiable harmful or any un-pleasant reaction that results due an intervention that is based on medicinal product. It is of two types as Type-A and B (Edwards, 2000). Type- A reactions are expected type of exaggeration of the drug with known effect whereas type B reactions are idio-syncratic and not known type of allergy. The adverse- drug reactions are divided into 6 types as dose- related (augmented), not dose- related (bizarre), dose- related as well as time- related (chronic), time- related (delayed), with-drawal (end-of-use) and failure of therapies (failure). The main goal of allergic drug reaction involves recognition of clinical features of allergic reaction at the earliest, maintenance of patent airway, administering drugs and treating shock. As Mr. B already has IV cannula, disconnect the IV flow (but dont remove the IV access) and inform to the physician. Perform quick assessment for circulation, breathing and airway. Obtain oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry and check for progression of symptom. Continuously monitor vital signs of Mr. B. Monitor the respiratory rate, effort, depth and use of accessory muscle for respiration. Assess the oxygen saturation level by using pulse oximetry to know the level of saturation and PO2 less than 92 mm Hg indicates severe oxygen insufficiency which requires endo-tracheal intubation or tracheostomy (Lewis, 2004). Assess the level of consciousness and his cardiac rhythm as any changes may indicate requiring hypovolemic shock treatment. Monitor the urine output of Mr. B, as decreased flow will indicate progression to severe anaphylactic shock. A nurse should inform the physician and follow his orders. Based on his orders, start intra venous infusion of 0.5 ml of epinephrine by diluting it as 1: 10,000 at an interval of 5 to 10 minute. Administer oxygen (high flow oxygen) through non- re breather oxygen mask (Lewis, 2004). Administer drug di-phenhydramine (Benadryl) through intra muscular or intravenous injection. Administer histamine- H2 receptor blockers such as Tagamet (cimetidine). Maintain blood pressure of Mr. B by administering fluids (normal saline), volume expanders, vasopressors as dopamine- Inotropin, nor- epinephrine bitartrate- levophed. Place the patient in recumbent position and elevate the legs of Mr. B to increase brain perfusion. It has to be informed to allergy specialist where they will educate Mr. B about its prevention and avoidance later (ASCIA, 2016). The presence of allergy should be informed to all his care givers, other staff nurses and para- medicals. The Patient should be instructed to document the features of allergic episode to find out the avoidable causes of allergy in the next 6 to 8 hours after the onset of allergic reaction. If Mr. B is unable to document, the doctor or nurse practitioner can document it. The ASCIA- anaphylaxis event record should be used while collecting the information (ASCIA, 2016). The name of the patient (Mr. B), date and time of allergic reaction, general practitioner and specialist attended during the allergic event, suspected triggers (drug- amoxicillin), type of adverse reactions as itching in chest region, tightness in chest and throat, difficulty and noisy breathing, difficulty to speak and tongue swelling should be recorded. The place of allergic reaction (hospital), activity before allergic reaction, medical condition (community- acquired pneumonia) and past reactions (nil for Mr. B), known allergens and any adrenaline auto-injector has been prescribed (ASCIA, 2015). B should be instructed about the presence of allergy for drug amoxicillin. He should be instructed to avoid this drug. He should be explained that he has to inform the presence of intolerance to drug amoxicillin to the physicians and nurses while giving care. In case of new admission to any hospital he has to inform about the presence allergic reaction to amoxicillin at the time of history collection and fill the allergy form with type, location, previous adverse events, etc in the admission form He has to wear a medic- alert bracelet with listing about the allergy for drug which helps medical professionals to understand about his allergy (Lewis, 2004, Douglas, 2012). He should be referred to allergy specialist where the allergy specialist will educate about prevention and avoidance of allergy and managing co morbidities. Allergy specialist will instruct about ASCIA- action plan for combating anaphylaxis and preparing for future attacks (ASCIA, 2016). I will get feedback from Mr. B about the type of allergic reaction he has and about his allergy to amoxicillin. I will ask Mr. B to fill the event- record for allergic reactions with the description of his allergies and adverse events. (ASCIA, 2015). This will help me to get feedback as what he knows about his allergic reactions. The allergy and adverse reactions should be documented in two separate boxes. The allergy box should be marked in case of mild allergy to anaphylaxis and adverse- drug reaction (ADR) box should be marked when there is unintended after administration of drugs. These information on should be marked as Yes or No and the appropriate medication should be documented and the allergies/ adverse reaction box documented in the last page reminds the prescriber or administrator of medication about these reactions (NMCU, 2012). Case Study- Amelia Bling The nursing assessment of fluid overload is important. EN should assess for airway obstruction due to edema caused by fluid overload to maintain patent airway. She should assess the respiratory, rate, rhythm, pattern and depth of respiration, use of accessory and visible intercostal muscles and nasal flaring to rule out the presence of dypnoea. Auscultation to rule out presence of pulmonary edema (crackle and wheezing sound) should be done (Douglas, 2012). The circulatory status should be assessed by checking for bounding pulse, oxygen saturation with pulse oximetry. Blood pressure should be recorded as hypertension may occur. The neurological status (level of consciousness, orientation, GCS), skin (edema) should be assessed. DAR for Pain The focus of this problem is pain. Notice the way how the D, A, and R are written. Date/Hour Focus Progress Notes 11/30/2016 1100hrs Pain D: Reports sudden, unbearable sharp pain on the incision site with pain score of 8/10 Shows facial grimace Guards the incision site Crying with pain Highly restless and irritable A: Administered Tab. Paracetamol, 1 gm PO as per doctors order. Encouraged to perform deep breathing exercises Demonstrated relaxation techniques Patient felt comfortable and remain safe R: Amelia reports relief from pain Looks calm and comfortable. Pain score- 0/10 Complementary therapies such as guided imagery, hypnotherapy, music therapy, medication, yoga, relaxation therapy, art therapy, biofeedback, breathing exercises, prayer techniques, etc should be given to relieve pain. These techniques will relieve relax the Amelias mind and divert her. This will help to get relief from pain (Douglas, 2012). On 30.11.2016 at 09.00 am. Endone, 5 mg 6Hrly and Tab. Paracetamol, 1 gm 4 Hrly was administered orally as per doctors order. Kept patient comfortable and safe. No complications noted. Aboriginal people use centering approach to manage pain. It causes stimulated sleep in patients with pain in which withdrawal of pain psychologically and spiritually (Queensland government, 2014). The nurse should give respect to their traditional medicine. She has to discuss pain management strategies without hurting their cultural feelings. They should be involved in the pain management strategies. Case study- Marshall Every patient has a right to refuse the treatment. No treatment and diagnosis should be made without consent. A nurse should explain Mrs.Marshall about importance of atorvastatin, side effects and methods to overcome it. She should explain about the management of side effects. A detailed explanation with complete and sufficient information should be given to Mrs.Marshall to help them to understand the uses of taking atorvastatin. The patient is refusing to take atorvastatin due to its side effects, so methods to overcome it should be explained (NCMIC, 2007). 10. There are many risk factors and complications of IV therapy. The main complication is circulatory overloaded which means the intra vascular fluid compartment contains more fluid than that of normal. It occurs when the fluids are infused more rapidly and more amounts are given than needed level. This overload may lead to heart failure then pulmonary edema and if not controlled leading to death of an individual. The next complication is infiltration in which escape of fluid into sub-cutaneous layer due to improper insertion of IV cannula. It may cause development of swelling, pain, numbness, coldness and hardness around insertion site. Extravasations may also occur in which blood from the veins may flow out of the vessels due to the damage of blood vessels leading to hematoma formation. Thrombophlebitis may occur due to the physical trauma or mechanical trauma by chemicals (Douglas, 2012). Pyrogenic reactions such as increased temperature, nausea, vomiting and circulatory collapse may occur within 30 minutes of infusion. Air embolism is a serious complication in which small air particles may enter into the blood vessels during needle insertion and circulates in the blood vessels blocking the blood supply to vital organs. Infection at insertion site, allergic reactions, hepatitis, osmotic diuresis and nerve damage may occur. Strict aseptic technique should be followed. The IV cannula and bottles should be sterile. The hand with cannula should be placed flat on the bed to avoid dislodgement. The infusion rate should not be too rapid or slow. The patient should be advice to keep hand out of water. It should be used only for 3- 4 days to prevent infection and for blood transfusion, IV cannula has to be changed daily (Douglas, 2012). Before and after administration of drugs IV cannula has to be flushed with hepflush. Blood sample for investigations should be taken from new IV line. The indications are to save the life of the patient as in case of hemorrhage, shock, etc and to provide fluid in case of dehydration, to supply nutrients to patients with oral disorders, vomiting, etc. It is indicated to dilute toxins in case of septicemia and poisoning and administer drugs as a treatment method (Douglas, 2012). It is given to restore fluid and blood volume, to meet nutritional and fluid requirement and to treat shock by providing electrolytes. Reference American Psychiatric Publishing. Chapter 8. Principles of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. Retrieved from https://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.978158623860.as08 ASCIA. (2016). ASCIA Guidelines - Acute management of anaphylaxis. Retrieved from https://www.allergy.org.au/health-professionals/papers/acute-management-of-anaphylaxis-guidelines ASCIA. (2015). Event Record for Allergic Reaction. Retrieved from https://www.allergy.org.au/images/pcc/ASCIA_event_record_allergic_reactions_2015.pdf ASHP. (n. d.). Introduction to Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: Pharmacokinetics:Chapter-1. Retrieved from https://www.ashp.org/doclibrary /bookstore/ p2418-chapter1.aspx 1-12 Association of prescribers. (2016). Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: Edge Hill university. Retrieved from https://www.associationforprescribers.org.uk/images/ Pharmacokinetics_and_Pharmacodynamics_the_basics.pdf Davis. (2016). Daviss drug guide. Retrieved from https://www.drugguide.com/ddo/view/Davis-Drug-Guide/51218/all/digoxin Douglas, C. (2012). Potter and Perrys Fundamentals of Nursing- Australian version. (4th ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier Edwards, I.R. (2000). Adverse drug reactions: definitions, diagnosis, and management: Lancet.356(9237):1255-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02799-9 Farho, L. (2016). Geriatric Pharmacotherapy: University of Nebraska Medical Center. Retrieved from https://pharmacologycorner.com/category/therapeutic-groups/cardiovascular-drugs/antiarrhythmics/ Lewis, S.M., Heitkemper, M. M., Dirksen, S.R. (2013). Medical Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems. (9th ed.). Missouri: Mosby Mangoni, A.A. (2004).Age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: basic principles and practical applications: Br J Clin Pharmacol. 57(1): 614. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.02007.x Micromedex (2016). Drugs- Digoxin. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/digoxin-oral-route/side-effects/drg-20072646 NCMIC. (2007). What Should I Do If My Patient Refuses My Recommendations?. Retrieved from https://www.ncmic.com/prc/risk-management/clinical-risks/what-should-i-do-i-my-patient-refuses-my-recommendations.aspx NMSP- NATIONAL MEDICATION SAFETY PROGRAMME. (2012). National Medication Chart USER GUIDE: Health Quality Safety Commission. Retrieved from https://www.hqsc.govt.nz/assets/Medication-Safety/NMC-PR/NMC-UserGuide-Oct2012.pdf Nursing pharmacology Chronicle. (2011). Pharmacotherapeutics- Definition. Retrieved from https:// nuring +phramocolgy= chronicle/ Pharmacotherapeutics Queensland government. (2014). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patient care guideline. Retrieved from https://www.health.qld.gov.au/atsihealth/documents/patient_care_guideline.pdf Smith, Y. (2016). What is Toxicology?. Retrieved from https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Toxicology.aspx Wiley, F. (2015). Drug- Digoxin. Retrieved from https://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/digoxin

Experimental Ablation Essays - Ablation, Lesion, Brain,

Experimental Ablation Experimental ablation is one of the most common research methods. It consists of removal or destruction of part of the brain of an experimental animal for the purpose of studying the functions of that region of the brain. Most often tissue is destroyed rather than removed. The animals behavior is then observed to determine what part of the body is controlled by that particular region of the brain. The technique is also referred to as lesion studies. The rationale behind such a procedure is that after a brain lesion occurs, if an animal can no longer perform a particular function which was previously performable, then an inference can be made that the area of the brain destroyed is indeed the area which controls that bodily function. Care must be taken when interpreting results of ablation. It is not as easy to determine that an animal is blind, for example, as it is in humans. In addition, a distinction must be made between brain function and behavior. One brain region or neural circuit cannot be responsible for behavior. The goal is to determine what functions are combined to perform particular behaviors. Experimental ablation is performed on animals for the purpose of research. Such a technique on humans would be unethical, therefore; experimental animals serve an important role. When diseases or accidents cause brain damage in humans, we can observe behavior and make the same types of inferences if we can locate the brain lesion. Science

Free Essays on Ways Of Seeing

I chose Rembrandt’s painting titled The Music Party for my paper because I had to choose an older painting. This piece isn’t a painting that I would normally choose because it doesn’t interest me. I am more interested in paintings with many colors and shapes rather than pictures of people in history. I also like modern art because they allow you to make your own opinion of them and they are more fitting towards modern society and society’s perceptions. This painting already has a meaning that has been passed down through generations since it was produced. During the time period this painting was produced, a ruling class existed. They were the people that defined the perceptions of society and culture. Art is a form of culture. The painting I chose is focused on society’s perceptions. In the painting I chose, the focal point is the woman sitting in the middle holding a book. There are two other people in the room, but they are behind her. They are painted darker than the woman and appear to be in the shadows. That is why I have reasoned that the woman is the focal point. The men in the back are playing musical instruments that appear to be a cello and a harp. The women is holding a book which I think is a song book because the look on her face suggests that she is singing and because everyone else is doing something with music. There are numerous other books scattered around the floor that could also possibly be music books. There is a picture on the wall, but it is too small to tell what it is a picture of. The original painting is in color, but my printer is out of ink and I’m not sure exactly what color everything is. The painting is rather small, but it could possibly be because I got it off-line. I originally went to Miami Oxford’s Art museum, but all they had was one exhibit of modern paintings and a display about pottery. I don’t have a car right now sow it was impossibl... Free Essays on Ways Of Seeing Free Essays on Ways Of Seeing I chose Rembrandt’s painting titled The Music Party for my paper because I had to choose an older painting. This piece isn’t a painting that I would normally choose because it doesn’t interest me. I am more interested in paintings with many colors and shapes rather than pictures of people in history. I also like modern art because they allow you to make your own opinion of them and they are more fitting towards modern society and society’s perceptions. This painting already has a meaning that has been passed down through generations since it was produced. During the time period this painting was produced, a ruling class existed. They were the people that defined the perceptions of society and culture. Art is a form of culture. The painting I chose is focused on society’s perceptions. In the painting I chose, the focal point is the woman sitting in the middle holding a book. There are two other people in the room, but they are behind her. They are painted darker than the woman and appear to be in the shadows. That is why I have reasoned that the woman is the focal point. The men in the back are playing musical instruments that appear to be a cello and a harp. The women is holding a book which I think is a song book because the look on her face suggests that she is singing and because everyone else is doing something with music. There are numerous other books scattered around the floor that could also possibly be music books. There is a picture on the wall, but it is too small to tell what it is a picture of. The original painting is in color, but my printer is out of ink and I’m not sure exactly what color everything is. The painting is rather small, but it could possibly be because I got it off-line. I originally went to Miami Oxford’s Art museum, but all they had was one exhibit of modern paintings and a display about pottery. I don’t have a car right now sow it was impossibl...

Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Issues - Essay Example From the project, several important implementation issues came up that would guide the health practitioners in data gathering. One of the issues was identifying core component while carrying out the project (Dennison & Prevost, 2012). As such, the practitioners focus on the interventions that are critical to producing positive results such as taking a hundred children six to ten years to collect the data. The reason for including this age was that that the children between those ages are susceptible to germs and dirt. The second issue was the importance of the implementation of the project. Program implementation is crucial for the hand-washing project as the intended outcomes are important for health practitioners and the patients (Brown, 2011). As such, the data gathering should contain such questions as factors affecting the project, how the implementation should be carried out to obtain the best result among others. The third issue in the series using evidence to re-educate people about the development of a new invention. The use of evidence is important is important as it teaches the parties on how to address social behaviors (LoBiondo-Wood & In Haber, 2014)). As such, the team will educate the receptors and the society in general on the significance of hand washing and recommend the right soap to use to kill the microorganisms in the dirty hands. Identifying core component of the hand-washing project was crucial for the group as it was based on recognizing and processing on what makes the program work. Importance of the project is crucial, as the results of the project are important to both the health practitioners and the receptors (Goldesteen and Graham, 2011). Using evidence from the project is crucial as it describes how to use the evidence to promote effectiveness and development. Evidence-based project is important as health practitioners are re-educated on the project to enhance the effectiveness while handling

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 61

Journal - Essay Example In this respect, I am most interested on studying Intrapersonal context of communication as one of the theories that explore the complex system of the society. Interpersonal relations constitute attribution theory, uncertainty reduction theory, expectancy violation theory, and cognitive dissonance. Attribution theory remains an important aspect of interpersonal relations which affirms that whatever the cause may be, there always remain a strong need to comprehend and make clear what is going on in our world. This attribution theory gives the need for people to explain their feelings and desires which prompts interaction in various social settings. This opens up interesting influence and possibilities which promotes communication as a tool of interpersonal relations (Wood 919). The importance of understanding intrapersonal communication and the theories cannot be overestimated as it plays central role in defining our diverse and unique identities. This theory is viewed as the point at which all communications begin, which leads on to overt communication. It is therefore important that interpersonal relations theory is given much emphasis as it dictates the aggregate working of the entire

The Challenger and Columbia Shuttle Disasters Research Paper

The Challenger and Columbia Shuttle Disasters - Research Paper Example The investigators were able to figure out the technical causes of the disaster, which called for several suggested changes that NASA needed to employ (Ryan, 2012). After the Challenger disaster, NASA implemented several changes in accordance with the recommendations made by the Commission that investigated and reported on the disaster. NASA embarked on creating a solid Rocket motor design in collaboration with other bodies that included the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) and Solid Rocket Motor (SSRM). The involved parties scrutinized several designs for tests and analysis in order to come up with the best new design that minimizes on the utilization of existing hardware (Ryan, 2012). NASA and the group were to implement tests and virtual launch before the real launch. NASA also changed its space shuttle management organization and its relations with its field centers and the headquarters. This eased the communication hurdles ensuring a clear sending and reception of information at all levels. This also included the implementation of efficient management and flight readiness review that entailed including documentation for the entire flight crew. The aftermath of the Columbia disaster showed that several aspects of recommended changes to NASA after the Challenger disaster were not implemented. ... The structure had also retained numerous locations hindering efficient decision-making process by the stakeholders. The realization of efficient management and flight readiness review that entailed including documentation for the entire flight crew was also not followed accordingly. The report indicated that the flight program managers did not consider all the opinions from relevant sources. Instead, they established huge barriers by using their knowledge and experience in contrast to the real solid data regarding the flight. This compromised the readiness review because to the managements lack of flexibility and adoption of the real data. Actions for sustaining change may have contributed to the changes being sustained because they have the capacity to embed the changes made. Redesigning of roles shows changes made are paramount to the organization. A modification of roles may also indicate long-term success of the changes made. Redesigning of the reward systems entails changing the organizations culture. Consequently, modifying its culture has a direct impact on the core values in place at the organization. This also influences the mode through which operations are carried out. Linking selection decisions to change objectives is an action whose selection criteria are signs of whether fresh initiatives and change are being encouraged. These actions ensure that changes are sustained. Measuring the progress of the implemented changes quantifies the progress made on the changes (Ryan, 2012). Measuring progress entails measuring the results and measuring the advancement of the implemented changes in an organization. A measure of results indicates the actual achievement of the objectives while the measure of